[1]
Thomas W. Judson, Abstract Algebra: Theory and Applications, Orthogonal Publishing, Ann Arbor, MI, 2022.
Section 43 Bibliography Markup Styles
Subsection 43.1 The Three Styles
PreTeXt supports three styles of markup for the
<biblio> entries of a <references> division. To compare them, the same twelve references appear three times in the divisions that follow, once in each style. The references are deliberately varied: books and journal articles, a chapter and a conference paper, a thesis, a report, a software system, and a web page; with one, two, and three authors, as well as organizational authors.
A raw entry (
type="raw") is free-form mixed content: the author supplies the order, the punctuation, and almost all of the formatting, while PreTeXt styles only a few recognized elements, such as an italicized <title>, a bold <volume>, a parenthesized <year>, and a <number> prefixed by “no.”
A BibTeX-style entry (
type="bibtex") uses structured fields, rendered in the order written, with punctuation supplied automatically. The result is more uniform than raw markup, but the field set is small, so details with no dedicated field—an edition, a URL, a thesis designation, a report number—are tucked into a free-form <pubnote>.
A CSL-style entry records structured data only—names, dates, titles, and the like—using markup modeled on the CSL-JSON data format, in a fixed canonical order. The order of presentation and the punctuation are then supplied by PreTeXt, or, when a CSL style is configured in the publication file, by the
citeproc processor. This is the recommended style as of 2025-08-13.
References 43.2 Raw Entries
The twelve references as
type="raw" entries.
[2]
David C. Lay, Subspaces and Echelon Forms, The College Mathematics Journal 24, no. 1 (1993), 57–62.
[3]
J. B. Conrey and D. W. Farmer, Mean values of \(L\)-functions and symmetry, International Mathematics Research Notices 17 (2000), 883–908.
[4]
David S. Dummit and Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 2004.
[5]
The PreTeXt Project, The PreTeXt Guide,
https://pretextbook.org/doc/guide/html/, accessed June 1, 2026.[6]
Jane Q. Author, “Finite Fields and Their Applications”, in Topics in Modern Algebra, edited by John Smith, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2010, 45–98.
[7]
A. Lovelace, C. Babbage, and G. Boole, “A Fast Algorithm for Matrix Factorization”, in Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, 2018, 1123–1140.
[8]
Terence Tao, Three Regularity Results in Harmonic Analysis, Ph.D. thesis, Princeton University, 1996.
[9]
The Sage Developers, SageMath, the Sage Mathematics Software System (Version 10.3), 2024,
https://www.sagemath.org.[10]
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Digital Signature Standard (DSS), FIPS PUB 186-4, U.S. Department of Commerce, 2013.
[11]
Gilbert Strang, Introduction to Linear Algebra, 5th edition, Wellesley–Cambridge Press, Wellesley, MA, 2016, 584 pages, ISBN 978-0-9802327-7-6.
[12]
L. N. Trefethen, “A Brief Note on Spectral Methods”, SIAM Review 50 no. 1 (2008), p. 67, doi:10.1137/060657716, ISSN 0036-1445.
References 43.3 BibTeX-Style Entries
The twelve references as
type="bibtex" entries.
[1]
Thomas W. Judson, Abstract Algebra: Theory and Applications, Orthogonal Publishing, Ann Arbor, MI, (2022).
[2]
David C. Lay, Subspaces and Echelon Forms, The College Mathematics Journal 24 no. 1 (1993) pp. 57-62.
[3]
J. B. Conrey and D. W. Farmer, Mean values of \(L\)-functions and symmetry, International Mathematics Research Notices 17 (2000) pp. 883-908.
[4]
David S. Dummit and Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, (2004) 3rd edition.
[5]
The PreTeXt Project, The PreTeXt Guide, https://pretextbook.org/doc/guide/html/, accessed June 1, 2026.
[6]
Jane Q. Author, John Smith (ed.), Finite Fields and Their Applications, Topics in Modern Algebra, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, (2010) pp. 45-98.
[7]
A. Lovelace, C. Babbage, and G. Boole, A Fast Algorithm for Matrix Factorization, Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, (2018) pp. 1123-1140.
[8]
Terence Tao, Three Regularity Results in Harmonic Analysis, Ph.D. thesis, Princeton University, (1996).
[9]
The Sage Developers, SageMath, the Sage Mathematics Software System (Version 10.3), (2024) https://www.sagemath.org.
[10]
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Digital Signature Standard (DSS), U.S. Department of Commerce, (2013) FIPS PUB 186-4.
[11]
Gilbert Strang, Introduction to Linear Algebra, Wellesley-Cambridge Press, Wellesley, MA, (2016) 584, 5th edition; ISBN 978-0-9802327-7-6.
[12]
L. N. Trefethen, A Brief Note on Spectral Methods, SIAM Review 50 no. 1 (2008) 67, doi:10.1137/060657716; ISSN 0036-1445.
References 43.4 CSL-Style Entries
The twelve references as CSL-style entries.
[1]
Judson, Thomas W., Abstract Algebra: Theory and Applications (2022), Orthogonal Publishing, Ann Arbor, MI.
[2]
Lay, David C., Subspaces and Echelon Forms, The College Mathematics Journal 24 no. 1 (1993) 57-62.
[3]
Conrey, J. B. and D. W. Farmer, Mean values of \(L\)-functions and symmetry, International Mathematics Research Notices 17 (2000) 883-908.
[4]
Dummit, David S. and Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, 3rd edition (2004), John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
[5]
The PreTeXt Project, The PreTeXt Guide, accessed 2026-06-01
https://pretextbook.org/doc/guide/html/.[6]
Author, Jane Q., Smith, John (ed.), Finite Fields and Their Applications, Topics in Modern Algebra (2010) 45-98, Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
[7]
Lovelace, A.; C. Babbage and G. Boole, A Fast Algorithm for Matrix Factorization, Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians (2018) 1123-1140.
[8]
Tao, Terence, Three Regularity Results in Harmonic Analysis, Ph.D. thesis (1996), Princeton University.
[9]
The Sage Developers, SageMath, the Sage Mathematics Software System (Version 10.3) (2024)
https://www.sagemath.org.[10]
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Digital Signature Standard (DSS) no. FIPS PUB 186-4 (2013), U.S. Department of Commerce.
[11]
Strang, Gilbert, Introduction to Linear Algebra, 5th edition (2016), 584 pages, Wellesley-Cambridge Press, Wellesley, MA, ISBN 978-0-9802327-7-6.
[12]
Trefethen, L. N., A Brief Note on Spectral Methods, SIAM Review 50(1) (2008) 67, doi:
10.1137/060657716, ISSN 0036-1445.
